This blog, by Richard Fellows, discusses historical questions concerning Paul's letters, his co-workers, Acts, and chronology.

Wednesday, April 28, 2010

The absence of "Titus" from Acts

In the undisputed letters Paul gives the names of several prominent companions, and most of these names appear also in Acts. These include Peter, Barnabas, James, John, Timothy, Aquila, Crispus, Sosthenes, Apollos, Erastus, Jason, and Aristarchus.

The names Prisca, Sosipater, Silvanus, and Cephas are absent from Acts, but it is generally assumed that Acts mentions these people using slightly different names (Priscilla, Sopater, Silas, and Peter). Furthermore Luke and Lucius can be equated with the author of Acts.

Therefore, Acts does give a rather complete list of Paul's prominent companions. As far as I know the secondary literature cites only two exceptions to this rule: Titus and Stephanas. Titus was particularly prominent and the absence of this name from Acts has surprised many.

It is often tentatively suggested that Titus's involvement in the collection caused Luke to omit him. However, it is not clear why Luke would not just mention him anyway, while keeping silent about his role in the collection. Acts does mention the other collection delegates (Acts 20:4), so why would he omit Titus? Others suggest that Titus may have been a relative of Luke, and is omitted as a result of Luke's modesty. However, we have no evidence that Titus was related to Luke, and we have no evidence that conventions required that gospel writers omit the names of relatives. Indeed, early tradition (whether correct or not) has it that both Matthew and John named themselves in their gospels, and I have argued here the Luke/Lucius named himself in Acts. For more on the reason for the formal anonymity of the NT history books see A.D.Baum's paper in Nov Test 50(2008).

The anomalous cases of Titus and Stephanas are solved by supposing that (like Prisca, Sosipater, Silavanus and Cephas) they are mentioned in Acts under different names. I have already argued that Stephanas was Titius Justus. The absence of "Titus" from Acts raises the suspicion that he too appears there under a different name.

In my next post on the Titus-Timothy hypothesis I hope to present further evidence that "Titus" was not his only name.

6 comments:

  1. Doing a monograph on the evolution of Xtianity, I found your page helpfull. Thanks Shlomoh Sherman kingsolnew@yahoo.com

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  2. Doing a monograph on the evolution of Xtianity, I found your page helpfull. Thanks Shlomoh Sherman kingsolnew@yahoo.com

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  3. The fact that you are willing to explore the absurd demonstrates your lack of ability to take the word for wat is says. The author of Acts reveals himself wittily to Theophilus by the theatrical entrance of the Man from Macedonia (Acts 16:9) for in the very next verse the famous "we" sections begin. He is likely the Apostle of Philippi, Epaphroditus, and following the death of Paul strove for supremacy with Titus, who controlled Achaia, over the churches in Macedonia. A man crucial to the circumcision issue at the Jerusalem Council, the ministry to Crete, and the Corinthian collection is too important to omit, thus a more sinister explanation is to be preferred. Acts not only omits Titus, it omits the collection altogether, as well as the ministry to Crete. The correct answer is staring you in the face.

    Woodrow Nichols
    antinomianuniversalism.com

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  4. I have written an article on the subject: "Epaphroditus: The Man of Macedonia; the Beginning of Paul'ls Gospel to the Gentiles; and the Author of the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts." I have posted it on my website: antinomianuniversalism.com

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    1. Sorry, your article is much too long for me to read. There is very good evidence that Luke-Acts was written by Luke, who was also known as Lucius. The beginning of a "we" passage does not signal the beginning of he author's presence. The author of Acts was present also before the start of the "we" passages, and the ancients did not assume that Luke joined Paul in Troas or Macedonia. Ancient styles of self-reference were different from modern ones.

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  5. So the length of my article is the reason you wish to wallow in the mire of the false assumption the Book of Acts was written by Luke or Lucas?

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